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Possible factors that influence childbearing age The German Federal Institute for Population Research claimed in 2015 the percentage for women with an age of at least 35 giving birth to a child was 25.9%. In the USA, the average age at which women bore their first child advanced from 21.4 years old in 1970 to 26.9 in 2018. This is sometimes known as the " rectangularisation" of fertility patterns. On this latter view, modern developed societies exhibit a kind of dual fertility pattern, with the majority of births being concentrated either among very young or increasingly older mothers. Others have proposed that the postponement process itself constitutes a separate "third transition". A variety of authors (in particular, Lesthaeghe) have argued that fertility postponement constitutes the "hallmark" of what has become known as the “second demographic transition”. This association has now become especially clear, since the postponement of first births in a number of countries has now continued unabated for more than three decades and has become one of the most prominent characteristics of fertility patterns in developed societies. Unsurprisingly, high first-birth ages and high rates of birth postponement are associated with the arrival of low, and lowest-low fertility. What is so radical about this recent transformation is that it is the age at which women give birth to their first child, which is becoming comparatively high, leaving an ever more constricted window of biological opportunity for second and subsequent children, should they be desired. Having children later was not exceptional in the past, when families were larger and women often continued bearing children until the end of their reproductive age. 3 Possible factors that influence childbearing age.The corresponding paternal age effect is less pronounced. Īdvanced maternal age is associated with adverse reproductive effects such as increased risk of infertility, and that the children have chromosomal abnormalities. In the U.S., the average age of first childbirth was 26.9 in 2018. Asia, Japan and the United States are all seeing average age at first birth on the rise, and increasingly the process is spreading to countries in the developing world such as China, Turkey and Iran. This process is not restricted to Europe.
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In a number of European countries (Spain), the mean age of women at first childbirth has crossed the 30 year threshold. In Western, Northern, and Southern Europe, first-time mothers are on average 27 to 29 years old, up from 23 to 25 years at the start of the 1970s. The variability in definitions is in part explained by the effects of increasing age occurring as a continuum rather than as a threshold effect. For effects associated with father's age, see Paternal age effect.Īdvanced maternal age, in a broad sense, is the instance of a woman being of an older age at a stage of reproduction, although there are various definitions of specific age and stage of reproduction.